A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on. Massive hydraulic fracturing also known as highvolume hydraulic fracturing is a technique first applied by pan american petroleum in stephens county, oklahoma, usa in 1968. The crosslinker may include a zr crosslinker, a ti crosslinker, an al crosslinker, a borate crosslinker, or a combination thereof. Therefore, an effective hydraulic fracturing design from pretreatment formation evaluation to environmental friendly and efficient management of fracturing fluid and waste water will be presented at the end of the study. Hydraulic fracturing hydraulic fracture stimulation, fraccing is a process through which a large number of fractures are created mechanically in the rock, thus allowing the natural gas andor crude oil trapped in subsurface formations to move through those fractures to the wellbore from where it can then flow to the surface. Unlocking americas natural gas resources february 2017 title what is fracking. Impacts from the hydraulic fracturing water cycle on drinking water resources in the united states. Current fracking technique first used in natural gas shales in the late 1990s in texas. In december 2016, epa released its final report on the relationship between hydraulic fracturing activities and drinking water resources.
Displaying powerpoint presentation on hydraulic fracturing regulatory processes in louisiana available to view or download. A slick water fluid for hydraulic fracturing of wells is provided that is mixed by adding solid polymer and solid additives to water. Contrary to many media reports, hydraulic fracturing is not a drilling process. Here, we show that approximately half of all hydraulically fractured wells stimulated in 2014 exist within 23 km of one or more domestic public and selfsupply groundwater wells. Undrinkable water expensive water treating methods long term health problems impact on wildlife ecosystems public. Hydraulic fracturing was introduced first in the hugoton gas field in western kansas in 1947. This process is intended to create new fractures in the rock as well as increase the size, extent, and connectivity of existing fractures. We evaluated the overall water footprint of hydraulic fracturing of unconventional shale gas and oil throughout the united states based on integrated data from multiple database sources. The course overviews the complete hydraulic fracturing process. Ppt hydraulic fracturing chemicals market insights. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the hydraulic fracturing chemicals.
The word hydraulics originates from hydor, the greek word for water and aulos, meaning pipe. It commonly occurs in association with crude oil merriamwebster. Hydraulic fracturing, informally referred to as fracking, is an oil and gas well development process that typically involves injecting water, sand, and chemicals under high pressure into a bedrock formation via the well. Recent advances in fracturing technologies, such as. Hydraulic fracturing has been used by the oil and gas industry as a way to boost hydrocarbon production since 1947. Hydraulic fracturing best management practices environmentally friendly drilling program john michael fernandez matthew gunter objectives of presentation introduce and describe hydraulic fracturing present environmental concerns discuss best management practices us shale plays major shale plays with hydraulic fracturing bakken north dakota, montana, canada oil barnett texas dfw area natural. Hydraulic fracturing design is based on sophisticated 3d modeling that takes into account the depth, thickness, lithology, fracture stress, and other properties of formation, among others. More than two million have been carried out by now in the us. Us20120157356a1 hydraulic fracturing with slick water. What environmental issues are associated with hydraulic. Hydraulic fracturing regulatory processes in louisiana ppt. This is often because the gas is highly dispersed in the rock, rather than occurring. Millions of americans rely on selfsupply groundwater wells for drinking water, but the number of these wells that are located near hydraulic fracturing operations is unknown.
Hydraulic fracturing regulatory processes in louisiana. Critical geomechanics concepts for hydraulic fracturing and well completions in shales neal nagel1. Process of creating fissures in underground formations to allow natural gas to flow. Hydraulic fracturing an overview sciencedirect topics. Hydraulic fracturing design free download as powerpoint presentation. The fluid may be batch mixed or mixed in a continuous process using standard blending equipment. Recent advances in fracturing technologies, such as multistage fracturing in. Hydraulic fracturing fracking just to wrap it up why its bad.
Hydraulic fracturing stock photos and images 123rf. Hydraulic fracturing basics american geosciences institute. Historically, for lowpermeability reservoirs skin effect less than 6. Ppt hydraulic fracturing powerpoint presentation free to. The first fracturing experiment was in 1947 and the process was accepted as commercial by 1950. Hydraulic fracturing involves pumping water at high pressure to create fractures in reservoir rock that allow the oil or natural gas to flow more freely to the well bore. Hydraulic fracturing design an overview sciencedirect topics. A hydraulic fracturing job is divided into two stages. The rate of natural gas leakage from hydraulic fracturing well completion. The process takes on the average, three to five days to complete. Vanquishing the direct push myth ppt 2009 aipg hydraulic fracturing conference. The first horizontal well was in the 1930s and horizontal wells were common by the late 1970s.
The first hydraulic fracturing happened in oklahoma in 1947. The deq works to consider the risks of hydraulic fracturing and to institute regulations that minimize those risks. Dec 12, 2017 millions of americans rely on selfsupply groundwater wells for drinking water, but the number of these wells that are located near hydraulic fracturing operations is unknown. Hydraulic fracturing sand contains up to 99% silica. Download hydraulic fracturing regulatory processes in louisiana ppt for free. We show that between 2005 and 2014, unconventional shale gas and oil extraction used 708 billion liters and 232 billion liters of water, respectively. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. Hydraulic fracturing has been used in the oil and natural gas industry since the 1940s, producing more than 700 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 15 billion barrels of oil since the practice began. Natural gas colourless, highly flammable gaseous hydrocarbon consisting primarily of methane and ethane. The hydraulic fracturing process hydraulic fracturing is not a drilling technique. The newly created fractures are propped open by the sand, which allows the oil and natural gas to flow. While the technique has been used for more than 60 years, its wider application with horizontal drilling since the mid. Zr nanoparticles, ti nanoparticles, ce nanoparticles. A fracture is the local separation of an object or material into two, or more, pieces under the action of stress.
Geologists have known about gas from shale for decades, but for many years development was not economically viable. Fracturing techniques were developed in 1948 and the first commercial fracturing treatments were conduced in 1949. Hydraulic fracturing fracking by prezi user on prezi. In the late 1990s, a combination of two proven technologies horizontal drilling and hydraulic. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Put simply, hydraulic fracturing is the use of fluid and material to create or restore small fractures in a formation in order to stimulate production from new and existing oil and gas wells. Unconventional reservoirs can costeffectively produce gas only by using a special stimulation technique, like hydraulic fracturing, or other special recovery process and technology. The process of unconventional natural gas production. List of chemical ingredients subject to requirements of 29 cfr. Hydraulic fracturing chemicals industry, 2018 market research report the hydraulic fracturing chemicals industry, 202023 market research report is a professional and indepth study on the current state of the global hydraulic fracturing chemicals industry with a focus on the chinese market. Hydraulic fracturing, aka fracking hydraulic fracturing.
Hydraulic fracturing myths and maneuvers presented by cindy bishopsociety of texas environmental professionals meeting january 10, 2012 1 2. Hydraulic fracturing design an overview sciencedirect. Critical geomechanics concepts for hydraulic fracturing. May 08, 2014 hydraulic fracturing sand contains up to 99% silica. Ppt hydraulic fracturing powerpoint presentation free. This process is intended to create new fractures in the rock as well as increase the size, extent, and connectivity of. Hydraulic fracturing near domestic groundwater wells pnas. Hydraulic fracturing is part of the completion of some oil or natural gas wells after they are drilled.
In combination with horizontal drilling and other technological advances, hydraulic fracturing has allowed for the extraction of large, previously inaccessible reserves of gas such as shale gas and tight gas and oil in the united states. Hydraulic fracturing jobs are carried out at well sites using heavy equipment including truckmounted pumps, blenders, fluid tanks, and proppant tanks. Hydraulic fracturing 60 years of hydraulic fracturing 1949 to 2010 on march 17, 1949, a team comprised of stanolind oil company and halliburton personnel converged on. Of particular concern are emissions vented during flowback reported values range from 0. It is the culmination of a multiyear study requested by congress. The nanomaterial may include zro 2 nanoparticles, tio 2 nanoparticles, ceo 2 nanoparticles. Thus, regardless of whether the underground injection of water, proppants, and otherwise toxic chemicals associated with hydraulic fracturing actually endangers drinking water. Hydraulic fracturing wastewater and other low erquality water can also be used in hydraulic fractur ing fluids to offset the need for fresh water, although the proportion of injected fluid that is reused hydrau lic fracturing wastewater varies by location figure es4. Hydraulic fracturing, along with horizontal drilling technology, helps energy companys to tap previously unobtainable sources of the natural gas from shale.
Hydraulic fracturing is extensively used to develop unconventional reservoirs, such as tight gas, shale gas and shale oil reservoirs. The definition of massive hydraulic fracturing varies, but generally refers to treatments injecting over 150 short tons, or approximately 300,000 pounds 6 metric. In the pad stage, fracturing fluid is injected into the well to break down the formation and create a pad. Lower cost and environmental benefits are realized. Used with modern horizontal drilling technology, fracking has unlocked vast u. Silicosis is a lung disease where lung tissue around trapped silica particles reacts, causing inflammation and scarring and reducing the lungs ability to take in oxygen. Hydraulic fracturing best management practices environmentally friendly drilling program john michael fernandez matthew gunter objectives of presentation introduce and describe hydraulic fracturing present environmental concerns discuss best management practices us shale plays major shale plays with hydraulic fracturing bakken north dakota, montana, canada oil barnett. The process involves the highpressure injection of fracking fluid primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents into a wellbore to create. Developing energy from shale is an advanced process that uses the latest. Water footprint of hydraulic fracturing environmental. Allows extraction of vast amounts of previously inaccessible. Introduction to fracturing hydraulic fracturing and horizontal wells are not new tools for the oil and gas industry. This 5day classroom course is an introduction to fracturing completions.
Developing energy from shale is an advanced process that uses the latest drilling technologies and equipment. Hydraulic fracturing is a technique used in unconventional gas production. Hydraulic fracturing versus injection delivery techniques. Hydraulic fracturing has been used in the oil and natural gas industry since the 1940s, producing more than 600 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 7 billion barrels of oil. Hydraulic fracturing in michigan michigan has comprehensive laws and rules, enforced by the deq, that regulate hydraulic fracturing as well as every other aspect of oil and gas drilling and production. A fracturing fluid including a base fluid including salt water, a polymer, a crosslinker, and a nanomaterial. Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling are safely unlocking vast u. Models allow an optimized design of fracturing operation where the height, length, and orientation of the fractures can be most effective as well as economic. Allows extraction of vast amounts of previously inaccessible hydrocarbons. As for what fracking means to the united states the answers are security, economic growth and jobs, jobs, jobs. Components are selected that are environmentally preferred.
Hydraulic fracturing chemicals market size value, capacity, production and consumption in key regions like north america, europe, asia pacific china, japan and other regions. Hydraulic fracturing also called fracking, fracing, hydrofracking, fraccing, fracing, and hydrofracturing is a well stimulation technique in which rock is fractured by a pressurized liquid. Proppants, usually silica sand, are added to the water to. Water, sand and other additives are pumped under pressure into the formation to create fractures. Fractureemplacement and 3d mapping of a microironcarbon amendment in tceimpacted sedimentary bedrock. Thus, regardless of whether the underground injection of water, proppants, and otherwise toxic chemicals associated with hydraulic fracturing actually. Hydraulic fracturing is the process of creating fissures, or fractures, in underground formations to allow oil and natural gas to flow. Hydraulic fracturing is used after the drilled hole is completed. It is a technology used to enhance the flow of gasoil from a well, once the drilling is completed and the drilling rig is removed from the site.
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